MiniBatchSparsePCA#

class sklearn.decomposition.MiniBatchSparsePCA(n_components=None, *, alpha=1, ridge_alpha=0.01, max_iter=1000, callback=None, batch_size=3, verbose=False, shuffle=True, n_jobs=None, method='lars', random_state=None, tol=0.001, max_no_improvement=10)[source]#

Mini-batch Sparse Principal Components Analysis.

Finds the set of sparse components that can optimally reconstruct the data. The amount of sparseness is controllable by the coefficient of the L1 penalty, given by the parameter alpha.

For an example comparing sparse PCA to PCA, see Faces dataset decompositions

Read more in the User Guide.

Parameters:
n_componentsint, default=None

Number of sparse atoms to extract. If None, then n_components is set to n_features.

alphaint, default=1

Sparsity controlling parameter. Higher values lead to sparser components.

ridge_alphafloat, default=0.01

Amount of ridge shrinkage to apply in order to improve conditioning when calling the transform method.

max_iterint, default=1_000

Maximum number of iterations over the complete dataset before stopping independently of any early stopping criterion heuristics.

Added in version 1.2.

Deprecated since version 1.4: max_iter=None is deprecated in 1.4 and will be removed in 1.6. Use the default value (i.e. 100) instead.

callbackcallable, default=None

Callable that gets invoked every five iterations.

batch_sizeint, default=3

The number of features to take in each mini batch.

verboseint or bool, default=False

Controls the verbosity; the higher, the more messages. Defaults to 0.

shufflebool, default=True

Whether to shuffle the data before splitting it in batches.

n_jobsint, default=None

Number of parallel jobs to run. None means 1 unless in a joblib.parallel_backend context. -1 means using all processors. See Glossary for more details.

method{‘lars’, ‘cd’}, default=’lars’

Method to be used for optimization. lars: uses the least angle regression method to solve the lasso problem (linear_model.lars_path) cd: uses the coordinate descent method to compute the Lasso solution (linear_model.Lasso). Lars will be faster if the estimated components are sparse.

random_stateint, RandomState instance or None, default=None

Used for random shuffling when shuffle is set to True, during online dictionary learning. Pass an int for reproducible results across multiple function calls. See Glossary.

tolfloat, default=1e-3

Control early stopping based on the norm of the differences in the dictionary between 2 steps.

To disable early stopping based on changes in the dictionary, set tol to 0.0.

Added in version 1.1.

max_no_improvementint or None, default=10

Control early stopping based on the consecutive number of mini batches that does not yield an improvement on the smoothed cost function.

To disable convergence detection based on cost function, set max_no_improvement to None.

Added in version 1.1.

Attributes:
components_ndarray of shape (n_components, n_features)

Sparse components extracted from the data.

n_components_int

Estimated number of components.

Added in version 0.23.

n_iter_int

Number of iterations run.

mean_ndarray of shape (n_features,)

Per-feature empirical mean, estimated from the training set. Equal to X.mean(axis=0).

n_features_in_int

Number of features seen during fit.

Added in version 0.24.

feature_names_in_ndarray of shape (n_features_in_,)

Names of features seen during fit. Defined only when X has feature names that are all strings.

Added in version 1.0.

See also

DictionaryLearning

Find a dictionary that sparsely encodes data.

IncrementalPCA

Incremental principal components analysis.

PCA

Principal component analysis.

SparsePCA

Sparse Principal Components Analysis.

TruncatedSVD

Dimensionality reduction using truncated SVD.

Examples

>>> import numpy as np
>>> from sklearn.datasets import make_friedman1
>>> from sklearn.decomposition import MiniBatchSparsePCA
>>> X, _ = make_friedman1(n_samples=200, n_features=30, random_state=0)
>>> transformer = MiniBatchSparsePCA(n_components=5, batch_size=50,
...                                  max_iter=10, random_state=0)
>>> transformer.fit(X)
MiniBatchSparsePCA(...)
>>> X_transformed = transformer.transform(X)
>>> X_transformed.shape
(200, 5)
>>> # most values in the components_ are zero (sparsity)
>>> np.mean(transformer.components_ == 0)
np.float64(0.9...)
fit(X, y=None)[source]#

Fit the model from data in X.

Parameters:
Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features)

Training vector, where n_samples is the number of samples and n_features is the number of features.

yIgnored

Not used, present here for API consistency by convention.

Returns:
selfobject

Returns the instance itself.

fit_transform(X, y=None, **fit_params)[source]#

Fit to data, then transform it.

Fits transformer to X and y with optional parameters fit_params and returns a transformed version of X.

Parameters:
Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features)

Input samples.

yarray-like of shape (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_outputs), default=None

Target values (None for unsupervised transformations).

**fit_paramsdict

Additional fit parameters.

Returns:
X_newndarray array of shape (n_samples, n_features_new)

Transformed array.

get_feature_names_out(input_features=None)[source]#

Get output feature names for transformation.

The feature names out will prefixed by the lowercased class name. For example, if the transformer outputs 3 features, then the feature names out are: ["class_name0", "class_name1", "class_name2"].

Parameters:
input_featuresarray-like of str or None, default=None

Only used to validate feature names with the names seen in fit.

Returns:
feature_names_outndarray of str objects

Transformed feature names.

get_metadata_routing()[source]#

Get metadata routing of this object.

Please check User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

Returns:
routingMetadataRequest

A MetadataRequest encapsulating routing information.

get_params(deep=True)[source]#

Get parameters for this estimator.

Parameters:
deepbool, default=True

If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.

Returns:
paramsdict

Parameter names mapped to their values.

inverse_transform(X)[source]#

Transform data from the latent space to the original space.

This inversion is an approximation due to the loss of information induced by the forward decomposition.

Added in version 1.2.

Parameters:
Xndarray of shape (n_samples, n_components)

Data in the latent space.

Returns:
X_originalndarray of shape (n_samples, n_features)

Reconstructed data in the original space.

set_output(*, transform=None)[source]#

Set output container.

See Introducing the set_output API for an example on how to use the API.

Parameters:
transform{“default”, “pandas”, “polars”}, default=None

Configure output of transform and fit_transform.

  • "default": Default output format of a transformer

  • "pandas": DataFrame output

  • "polars": Polars output

  • None: Transform configuration is unchanged

Added in version 1.4: "polars" option was added.

Returns:
selfestimator instance

Estimator instance.

set_params(**params)[source]#

Set the parameters of this estimator.

The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as Pipeline). The latter have parameters of the form <component>__<parameter> so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.

Parameters:
**paramsdict

Estimator parameters.

Returns:
selfestimator instance

Estimator instance.

transform(X)[source]#

Least Squares projection of the data onto the sparse components.

To avoid instability issues in case the system is under-determined, regularization can be applied (Ridge regression) via the ridge_alpha parameter.

Note that Sparse PCA components orthogonality is not enforced as in PCA hence one cannot use a simple linear projection.

Parameters:
Xndarray of shape (n_samples, n_features)

Test data to be transformed, must have the same number of features as the data used to train the model.

Returns:
X_newndarray of shape (n_samples, n_components)

Transformed data.