RidgeClassifier#

class sklearn.linear_model.RidgeClassifier(alpha=1.0, *, fit_intercept=True, copy_X=True, max_iter=None, tol=0.0001, class_weight=None, solver='auto', positive=False, random_state=None)[source]#

Classifier using Ridge regression.

This classifier first converts the target values into {-1, 1} and then treats the problem as a regression task (multi-output regression in the multiclass case).

Read more in the User Guide.

Parameters:
alphafloat, default=1.0

Regularization strength; must be a positive float. Regularization improves the conditioning of the problem and reduces the variance of the estimates. Larger values specify stronger regularization. Alpha corresponds to 1 / (2C) in other linear models such as LogisticRegression or LinearSVC.

fit_interceptbool, default=True

Whether to calculate the intercept for this model. If set to false, no intercept will be used in calculations (e.g. data is expected to be already centered).

copy_Xbool, default=True

If True, X will be copied; else, it may be overwritten.

max_iterint, default=None

Maximum number of iterations for conjugate gradient solver. The default value is determined by scipy.sparse.linalg.

tolfloat, default=1e-4

The precision of the solution (coef_) is determined by tol which specifies a different convergence criterion for each solver:

  • ‘svd’: tol has no impact.

  • ‘cholesky’: tol has no impact.

  • ‘sparse_cg’: norm of residuals smaller than tol.

  • ‘lsqr’: tol is set as atol and btol of scipy.sparse.linalg.lsqr, which control the norm of the residual vector in terms of the norms of matrix and coefficients.

  • ‘sag’ and ‘saga’: relative change of coef smaller than tol.

  • ‘lbfgs’: maximum of the absolute (projected) gradient=max|residuals| smaller than tol.

Changed in version 1.2: Default value changed from 1e-3 to 1e-4 for consistency with other linear models.

class_weightdict or ‘balanced’, default=None

Weights associated with classes in the form {class_label: weight}. If not given, all classes are supposed to have weight one.

The “balanced” mode uses the values of y to automatically adjust weights inversely proportional to class frequencies in the input data as n_samples / (n_classes * np.bincount(y)).

solver{‘auto’, ‘svd’, ‘cholesky’, ‘lsqr’, ‘sparse_cg’, ‘sag’, ‘saga’, ‘lbfgs’}, default=’auto’

Solver to use in the computational routines:

  • ‘auto’ chooses the solver automatically based on the type of data.

  • ‘svd’ uses a Singular Value Decomposition of X to compute the Ridge coefficients. It is the most stable solver, in particular more stable for singular matrices than ‘cholesky’ at the cost of being slower.

  • ‘cholesky’ uses the standard scipy.linalg.solve function to obtain a closed-form solution.

  • ‘sparse_cg’ uses the conjugate gradient solver as found in scipy.sparse.linalg.cg. As an iterative algorithm, this solver is more appropriate than ‘cholesky’ for large-scale data (possibility to set tol and max_iter).

  • ‘lsqr’ uses the dedicated regularized least-squares routine scipy.sparse.linalg.lsqr. It is the fastest and uses an iterative procedure.

  • ‘sag’ uses a Stochastic Average Gradient descent, and ‘saga’ uses its unbiased and more flexible version named SAGA. Both methods use an iterative procedure, and are often faster than other solvers when both n_samples and n_features are large. Note that ‘sag’ and ‘saga’ fast convergence is only guaranteed on features with approximately the same scale. You can preprocess the data with a scaler from sklearn.preprocessing.

    Added in version 0.17: Stochastic Average Gradient descent solver.

    Added in version 0.19: SAGA solver.

  • ‘lbfgs’ uses L-BFGS-B algorithm implemented in scipy.optimize.minimize. It can be used only when positive is True.

positivebool, default=False

When set to True, forces the coefficients to be positive. Only ‘lbfgs’ solver is supported in this case.

random_stateint, RandomState instance, default=None

Used when solver == ‘sag’ or ‘saga’ to shuffle the data. See Glossary for details.

Attributes:
coef_ndarray of shape (1, n_features) or (n_classes, n_features)

Coefficient of the features in the decision function.

coef_ is of shape (1, n_features) when the given problem is binary.

intercept_float or ndarray of shape (n_targets,)

Independent term in decision function. Set to 0.0 if fit_intercept = False.

n_iter_None or ndarray of shape (n_targets,)

Actual number of iterations for each target. Available only for sag and lsqr solvers. Other solvers will return None.

classes_ndarray of shape (n_classes,)

Classes labels.

n_features_in_int

Number of features seen during fit.

Added in version 0.24.

feature_names_in_ndarray of shape (n_features_in_,)

Names of features seen during fit. Defined only when X has feature names that are all strings.

Added in version 1.0.

solver_str

The solver that was used at fit time by the computational routines.

Added in version 1.5.

See also

Ridge

Ridge regression.

RidgeClassifierCV

Ridge classifier with built-in cross validation.

Notes

For multi-class classification, n_class classifiers are trained in a one-versus-all approach. Concretely, this is implemented by taking advantage of the multi-variate response support in Ridge.

Examples

>>> from sklearn.datasets import load_breast_cancer
>>> from sklearn.linear_model import RidgeClassifier
>>> X, y = load_breast_cancer(return_X_y=True)
>>> clf = RidgeClassifier().fit(X, y)
>>> clf.score(X, y)
0.9595...
property classes_#

Classes labels.

decision_function(X)[source]#

Predict confidence scores for samples.

The confidence score for a sample is proportional to the signed distance of that sample to the hyperplane.

Parameters:
X{array-like, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features)

The data matrix for which we want to get the confidence scores.

Returns:
scoresndarray of shape (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_classes)

Confidence scores per (n_samples, n_classes) combination. In the binary case, confidence score for self.classes_[1] where >0 means this class would be predicted.

fit(X, y, sample_weight=None)[source]#

Fit Ridge classifier model.

Parameters:
X{ndarray, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features)

Training data.

yndarray of shape (n_samples,)

Target values.

sample_weightfloat or ndarray of shape (n_samples,), default=None

Individual weights for each sample. If given a float, every sample will have the same weight.

Added in version 0.17: sample_weight support to RidgeClassifier.

Returns:
selfobject

Instance of the estimator.

get_metadata_routing()[source]#

Get metadata routing of this object.

Please check User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

Returns:
routingMetadataRequest

A MetadataRequest encapsulating routing information.

get_params(deep=True)[source]#

Get parameters for this estimator.

Parameters:
deepbool, default=True

If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.

Returns:
paramsdict

Parameter names mapped to their values.

predict(X)[source]#

Predict class labels for samples in X.

Parameters:
X{array-like, spare matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features)

The data matrix for which we want to predict the targets.

Returns:
y_predndarray of shape (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_outputs)

Vector or matrix containing the predictions. In binary and multiclass problems, this is a vector containing n_samples. In a multilabel problem, it returns a matrix of shape (n_samples, n_outputs).

score(X, y, sample_weight=None)[source]#

Return the mean accuracy on the given test data and labels.

In multi-label classification, this is the subset accuracy which is a harsh metric since you require for each sample that each label set be correctly predicted.

Parameters:
Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features)

test samples.

yarray-like of shape (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_outputs)

True labels for X.

sample_weightarray-like of shape (n_samples,), default=None

Sample weights.

Returns:
scorefloat

Mean accuracy of self.predict(X) w.r.t. y.

set_fit_request(*, sample_weight: bool | None | str = '$UNCHANGED$') → RidgeClassifier[source]#

Request metadata passed to the fit method.

Note that this method is only relevant if enable_metadata_routing=True (see sklearn.set_config). Please see User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

The options for each parameter are:

  • True: metadata is requested, and passed to fit if provided. The request is ignored if metadata is not provided.

  • False: metadata is not requested and the meta-estimator will not pass it to fit.

  • None: metadata is not requested, and the meta-estimator will raise an error if the user provides it.

  • str: metadata should be passed to the meta-estimator with this given alias instead of the original name.

The default (sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED) retains the existing request. This allows you to change the request for some parameters and not others.

Added in version 1.3.

Note

This method is only relevant if this estimator is used as a sub-estimator of a meta-estimator, e.g. used inside a Pipeline. Otherwise it has no effect.

Parameters:
sample_weightstr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED

Metadata routing for sample_weight parameter in fit.

Returns:
selfobject

The updated object.

set_params(**params)[source]#

Set the parameters of this estimator.

The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as Pipeline). The latter have parameters of the form <component>__<parameter> so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.

Parameters:
**paramsdict

Estimator parameters.

Returns:
selfestimator instance

Estimator instance.

set_score_request(*, sample_weight: bool | None | str = '$UNCHANGED$') → RidgeClassifier[source]#

Request metadata passed to the score method.

Note that this method is only relevant if enable_metadata_routing=True (see sklearn.set_config). Please see User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

The options for each parameter are:

  • True: metadata is requested, and passed to score if provided. The request is ignored if metadata is not provided.

  • False: metadata is not requested and the meta-estimator will not pass it to score.

  • None: metadata is not requested, and the meta-estimator will raise an error if the user provides it.

  • str: metadata should be passed to the meta-estimator with this given alias instead of the original name.

The default (sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED) retains the existing request. This allows you to change the request for some parameters and not others.

Added in version 1.3.

Note

This method is only relevant if this estimator is used as a sub-estimator of a meta-estimator, e.g. used inside a Pipeline. Otherwise it has no effect.

Parameters:
sample_weightstr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED

Metadata routing for sample_weight parameter in score.

Returns:
selfobject

The updated object.

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