LedoitWolf#
- class sklearn.covariance.LedoitWolf(*, store_precision=True, assume_centered=False, block_size=1000)[source]#
LedoitWolf Estimator.
Ledoit-Wolf is a particular form of shrinkage, where the shrinkage coefficient is computed using O. Ledoit and M. Wolf’s formula as described in “A Well-Conditioned Estimator for Large-Dimensional Covariance Matrices”, Ledoit and Wolf, Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Volume 88, Issue 2, February 2004, pages 365-411.
Read more in the User Guide.
- Parameters:
- store_precisionbool, default=True
Specify if the estimated precision is stored.
- assume_centeredbool, default=False
If True, data will not be centered before computation. Useful when working with data whose mean is almost, but not exactly zero. If False (default), data will be centered before computation.
- block_sizeint, default=1000
Size of blocks into which the covariance matrix will be split during its Ledoit-Wolf estimation. This is purely a memory optimization and does not affect results.
- Attributes:
- covariance_ndarray of shape (n_features, n_features)
Estimated covariance matrix.
- location_ndarray of shape (n_features,)
Estimated location, i.e. the estimated mean.
- precision_ndarray of shape (n_features, n_features)
Estimated pseudo inverse matrix. (stored only if store_precision is True)
- shrinkage_float
Coefficient in the convex combination used for the computation of the shrunk estimate. Range is [0, 1].
- n_features_in_int
Number of features seen during fit.
Added in version 0.24.
- feature_names_in_ndarray of shape (
n_features_in_
,) Names of features seen during fit. Defined only when
X
has feature names that are all strings.Added in version 1.0.
See also
EllipticEnvelope
An object for detecting outliers in a Gaussian distributed dataset.
EmpiricalCovariance
Maximum likelihood covariance estimator.
GraphicalLasso
Sparse inverse covariance estimation with an l1-penalized estimator.
GraphicalLassoCV
Sparse inverse covariance with cross-validated choice of the l1 penalty.
MinCovDet
Minimum Covariance Determinant (robust estimator of covariance).
OAS
Oracle Approximating Shrinkage Estimator.
ShrunkCovariance
Covariance estimator with shrinkage.
Notes
The regularised covariance is:
(1 - shrinkage) * cov + shrinkage * mu * np.identity(n_features)
where mu = trace(cov) / n_features and shrinkage is given by the Ledoit and Wolf formula (see References)
References
“A Well-Conditioned Estimator for Large-Dimensional Covariance Matrices”, Ledoit and Wolf, Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Volume 88, Issue 2, February 2004, pages 365-411.
Examples
>>> import numpy as np >>> from sklearn.covariance import LedoitWolf >>> real_cov = np.array([[.4, .2], ... [.2, .8]]) >>> np.random.seed(0) >>> X = np.random.multivariate_normal(mean=[0, 0], ... cov=real_cov, ... size=50) >>> cov = LedoitWolf().fit(X) >>> cov.covariance_ array([[0.4406..., 0.1616...], [0.1616..., 0.8022...]]) >>> cov.location_ array([ 0.0595... , -0.0075...])
- error_norm(comp_cov, norm='frobenius', scaling=True, squared=True)[source]#
Compute the Mean Squared Error between two covariance estimators.
- Parameters:
- comp_covarray-like of shape (n_features, n_features)
The covariance to compare with.
- norm{“frobenius”, “spectral”}, default=”frobenius”
The type of norm used to compute the error. Available error types: - ‘frobenius’ (default): sqrt(tr(A^t.A)) - ‘spectral’: sqrt(max(eigenvalues(A^t.A)) where A is the error
(comp_cov - self.covariance_)
.- scalingbool, default=True
If True (default), the squared error norm is divided by n_features. If False, the squared error norm is not rescaled.
- squaredbool, default=True
Whether to compute the squared error norm or the error norm. If True (default), the squared error norm is returned. If False, the error norm is returned.
- Returns:
- resultfloat
The Mean Squared Error (in the sense of the Frobenius norm) between
self
andcomp_cov
covariance estimators.
- fit(X, y=None)[source]#
Fit the Ledoit-Wolf shrunk covariance model to X.
- Parameters:
- Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features)
Training data, where
n_samples
is the number of samples andn_features
is the number of features.- yIgnored
Not used, present for API consistency by convention.
- Returns:
- selfobject
Returns the instance itself.
- get_metadata_routing()[source]#
Get metadata routing of this object.
Please check User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.
- Returns:
- routingMetadataRequest
A
MetadataRequest
encapsulating routing information.
- get_params(deep=True)[source]#
Get parameters for this estimator.
- Parameters:
- deepbool, default=True
If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.
- Returns:
- paramsdict
Parameter names mapped to their values.
- get_precision()[source]#
Getter for the precision matrix.
- Returns:
- precision_array-like of shape (n_features, n_features)
The precision matrix associated to the current covariance object.
- mahalanobis(X)[source]#
Compute the squared Mahalanobis distances of given observations.
- Parameters:
- Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features)
The observations, the Mahalanobis distances of the which we compute. Observations are assumed to be drawn from the same distribution than the data used in fit.
- Returns:
- distndarray of shape (n_samples,)
Squared Mahalanobis distances of the observations.
- score(X_test, y=None)[source]#
Compute the log-likelihood of
X_test
under the estimated Gaussian model.The Gaussian model is defined by its mean and covariance matrix which are represented respectively by
self.location_
andself.covariance_
.- Parameters:
- X_testarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features)
test data of which we compute the likelihood, where
n_samples
is the number of samples andn_features
is the number of features.X_test
is assumed to be drawn from the same distribution than the data used in fit (including centering).- yIgnored
Not used, present for API consistency by convention.
- Returns:
- resfloat
The log-likelihood of
X_test
withself.location_
andself.covariance_
as estimators of the Gaussian model mean and covariance matrix respectively.
- set_params(**params)[source]#
Set the parameters of this estimator.
The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as
Pipeline
). The latter have parameters of the form<component>__<parameter>
so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.- Parameters:
- **paramsdict
Estimator parameters.
- Returns:
- selfestimator instance
Estimator instance.
Gallery examples#
Shrinkage covariance estimation: LedoitWolf vs OAS and max-likelihood
Model selection with Probabilistic PCA and Factor Analysis (FA)