Normalizer#

class sklearn.preprocessing.Normalizer(norm='l2', *, copy=True)[source]#

Normalize samples individually to unit norm.

Each sample (i.e. each row of the data matrix) with at least one non zero component is rescaled independently of other samples so that its norm (l1, l2 or inf) equals one.

This transformer is able to work both with dense numpy arrays and scipy.sparse matrix (use CSR format if you want to avoid the burden of a copy / conversion).

Scaling inputs to unit norms is a common operation for text classification or clustering for instance. For instance the dot product of two l2-normalized TF-IDF vectors is the cosine similarity of the vectors and is the base similarity metric for the Vector Space Model commonly used by the Information Retrieval community.

For an example visualization, refer to Compare Normalizer with other scalers.

See also

normalize: Equivalent function without the estimator API.

Notes

This estimator is stateless and does not need to be fitted. However, we recommend to call fit_transform instead of transform, as parameter validation is only performed in fit.

Examples

>>> from sklearn.preprocessing import Normalizer
>>> X = [[4, 1, 2, 2],
...      [1, 3, 9, 3],
...      [5, 7, 5, 1]]
>>> transformer = Normalizer().fit(X)  # fit does nothing.
>>> transformer
Normalizer()
>>> transformer.transform(X)
array([[0.8, 0.2, 0.4, 0.4],
       [0.1, 0.3, 0.9, 0.3],
       [0.5, 0.7, 0.5, 0.1]])

fit(X, y=None)[source]#

Only validates estimator’s parameters.

This method allows to: (i) validate the estimator’s parameters and (ii) be consistent with the scikit-learn transformer API.

Parameters:

X{array-like, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features): The data to estimate the normalization parameters.
yIgnored: Not used, present here for API consistency by convention.

Returns:

selfobject: Fitted transformer.

fit_transform(X, y=None, **fit_params)[source]#

Fit to data, then transform it.

Fits transformer to X and y with optional parameters fit_params and returns a transformed version of X.

Parameters:

Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features): Input samples.
yarray-like of shape (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_outputs), default=None: Target values (None for unsupervised transformations).
**fit_paramsdict: Additional fit parameters.

Returns:

X_newndarray array of shape (n_samples, n_features_new): Transformed array.

get_feature_names_out(input_features=None)[source]#

Get output feature names for transformation.

Parameters:

input_featuresarray-like of str or None, default=None

Input features.

If input_features is None, then feature_names_in_ is used as feature names in. If feature_names_in_ is not defined, then the following input feature names are generated: ["x0", "x1", ..., "x(n_features_in_ - 1)"].
If input_features is an array-like, then input_features must match feature_names_in_ if feature_names_in_ is defined.

Returns:

feature_names_outndarray of str objects: Same as input features.

get_metadata_routing()[source]#

Get metadata routing of this object.

Please check User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

Returns:

routingMetadataRequest: A MetadataRequest encapsulating routing information.

get_params(deep=True)[source]#

Get parameters for this estimator.

Parameters:

deepbool, default=True: If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.

Returns:

paramsdict: Parameter names mapped to their values.

set_output(*, transform=None)[source]#

Set output container.

See Introducing the set_output API for an example on how to use the API.

Parameters:

transform{“default”, “pandas”, “polars”}, default=None

Configure output of transform and fit_transform.

"default": Default output format of a transformer
"pandas": DataFrame output
"polars": Polars output
None: Transform configuration is unchanged

Added in version 1.4: "polars" option was added.

Returns:

selfestimator instance: Estimator instance.

set_params(**params)[source]#

Set the parameters of this estimator.

The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as Pipeline). The latter have parameters of the form <component>__<parameter> so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.

Parameters:

**paramsdict: Estimator parameters.

Returns:

selfestimator instance: Estimator instance.

set_transform_request(*, copy: bool | None | str = '$UNCHANGED$') → Normalizer[source]#

Configure whether metadata should be requested to be passed to the transform method.

Note that this method is only relevant when this estimator is used as a sub-estimator within a meta-estimator and metadata routing is enabled with enable_metadata_routing=True (see sklearn.set_config). Please check the User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

The options for each parameter are:

True: metadata is requested, and passed to transform if provided. The request is ignored if metadata is not provided.
False: metadata is not requested and the meta-estimator will not pass it to transform.
None: metadata is not requested, and the meta-estimator will raise an error if the user provides it.
str: metadata should be passed to the meta-estimator with this given alias instead of the original name.

The default (sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED) retains the existing request. This allows you to change the request for some parameters and not others.

Added in version 1.3.

Parameters:

copystr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED: Metadata routing for copy parameter in transform.

Returns:

selfobject: The updated object.

transform(X, copy=None)[source]#

Scale each non zero row of X to unit norm.

Parameters:

X{array-like, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features): The data to normalize, row by row. scipy.sparse matrices should be in CSR format to avoid an un-necessary copy.
copybool, default=None: Copy the input X or not.

Returns: