VotingRegressor#

class sklearn.ensemble.VotingRegressor(estimators, *, weights=None, n_jobs=None, verbose=False)[source]#

Prediction voting regressor for unfitted estimators.

A voting regressor is an ensemble meta-estimator that fits several base regressors, each on the whole dataset. Then it averages the individual predictions to form a final prediction.

For a detailed example, refer to Plot individual and voting regression predictions.

See also

VotingClassifier: Soft Voting/Majority Rule classifier.

Examples

>>> import numpy as np
>>> from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
>>> from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor
>>> from sklearn.ensemble import VotingRegressor
>>> from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsRegressor
>>> r1 = LinearRegression()
>>> r2 = RandomForestRegressor(n_estimators=10, random_state=1)
>>> r3 = KNeighborsRegressor()
>>> X = np.array([[1, 1], [2, 4], [3, 9], [4, 16], [5, 25], [6, 36]])
>>> y = np.array([2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42])
>>> er = VotingRegressor([('lr', r1), ('rf', r2), ('r3', r3)])
>>> print(er.fit(X, y).predict(X))
[ 6.8...  8.4... 12.5... 17.8... 26...  34...]

In the following example, we drop the 'lr' estimator with set_params and fit the remaining two estimators:

>>> er = er.set_params(lr='drop')
>>> er = er.fit(X, y)
>>> len(er.estimators_)
2

fit(X, y, *, sample_weight=None, **fit_params)[source]#

Fit the estimators.

Parameters:

X{array-like, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features): Training vectors, where n_samples is the number of samples and n_features is the number of features.
yarray-like of shape (n_samples,): Target values.
sample_weightarray-like of shape (n_samples,), default=None: Sample weights. If None, then samples are equally weighted. Note that this is supported only if all underlying estimators support sample weights.
**fit_paramsdict: Parameters to pass to the underlying estimators.

Added in version 1.5: Only available if enable_metadata_routing=True, which can be set by using sklearn.set_config(enable_metadata_routing=True). See Metadata Routing User Guide for more details.

Returns:

selfobject: Fitted estimator.

fit_transform(X, y=None, **fit_params)[source]#

Return class labels or probabilities for each estimator.

Return predictions for X for each estimator.

Parameters:

X{array-like, sparse matrix, dataframe} of shape (n_samples, n_features): Input samples.
yndarray of shape (n_samples,), default=None: Target values (None for unsupervised transformations).
**fit_paramsdict: Additional fit parameters.

Returns:

X_newndarray array of shape (n_samples, n_features_new): Transformed array.

get_feature_names_out(input_features=None)[source]#

Get output feature names for transformation.

Parameters:

input_featuresarray-like of str or None, default=None: Not used, present here for API consistency by convention.

Returns:

feature_names_outndarray of str objects: Transformed feature names.

get_metadata_routing()[source]#

Get metadata routing of this object.

Please check User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

Added in version 1.5.

Returns:

routingMetadataRouter: A MetadataRouter encapsulating routing information.

get_params(deep=True)[source]#

Get the parameters of an estimator from the ensemble.

Returns the parameters given in the constructor as well as the estimators contained within the estimators parameter.

Parameters:

deepbool, default=True: Setting it to True gets the various estimators and the parameters of the estimators as well.

Returns:

paramsdict: Parameter and estimator names mapped to their values or parameter names mapped to their values.

property n_features_in_#: Number of features seen during fit.

property named_estimators#

Dictionary to access any fitted sub-estimators by name.

Returns:

Bunch

predict(X)[source]#

Predict regression target for X.

The predicted regression target of an input sample is computed as the mean predicted regression targets of the estimators in the ensemble.

Parameters:

X{array-like, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features): The input samples.

Returns:

yndarray of shape (n_samples,): The predicted values.

score(X, y, sample_weight=None)[source]#

Return the coefficient of determination of the prediction.

The coefficient of determination $R^2$ is defined as $(1 - \frac{u}{v})$, where $u$ is the residual sum of squares ((y_true - y_pred)** 2).sum() and $v$ is the total sum of squares ((y_true - y_true.mean()) ** 2).sum(). The best possible score is 1.0 and it can be negative (because the model can be arbitrarily worse). A constant model that always predicts the expected value of y, disregarding the input features, would get a $R^2$ score of 0.0.

Parameters:

Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features): test samples. For some estimators this may be a precomputed kernel matrix or a list of generic objects instead with shape (n_samples, n_samples_fitted), where n_samples_fitted is the number of samples used in the fitting for the estimator.
yarray-like of shape (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_outputs): True values for X.
sample_weightarray-like of shape (n_samples,), default=None: Sample weights.

Returns:

scorefloat: $R^2$ of self.predict(X) w.r.t. y.

Notes

The $R^2$ score used when calling score on a regressor uses multioutput='uniform_average' from version 0.23 to keep consistent with default value of r2_score. This influences the score method of all the multioutput regressors (except for MultiOutputRegressor).

set_fit_request(*, sample_weight: bool | None | str = '$UNCHANGED$') → VotingRegressor[source]#

Request metadata passed to the fit method.

Note that this method is only relevant if enable_metadata_routing=True (see sklearn.set_config). Please see User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

The options for each parameter are:

True: metadata is requested, and passed to fit if provided. The request is ignored if metadata is not provided.
False: metadata is not requested and the meta-estimator will not pass it to fit.
None: metadata is not requested, and the meta-estimator will raise an error if the user provides it.
str: metadata should be passed to the meta-estimator with this given alias instead of the original name.

The default (sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED) retains the existing request. This allows you to change the request for some parameters and not others.

Added in version 1.3.

Note

This method is only relevant if this estimator is used as a sub-estimator of a meta-estimator, e.g. used inside a Pipeline. Otherwise it has no effect.

Parameters:

sample_weightstr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED: Metadata routing for sample_weight parameter in fit.

Returns:

selfobject: The updated object.

set_output(*, transform=None)[source]#

Set output container.

See Introducing the set_output API for an example on how to use the API.

Parameters:

transform{“default”, “pandas”, “polars”}, default=None

Configure output of transform and fit_transform.

"default": Default output format of a transformer
"pandas": DataFrame output
"polars": Polars output
None: Transform configuration is unchanged

Added in version 1.4: "polars" option was added.

Returns:

selfestimator instance: Estimator instance.

set_params(**params)[source]#

Set the parameters of an estimator from the ensemble.

Valid parameter keys can be listed with get_params(). Note that you can directly set the parameters of the estimators contained in estimators.

Parameters:

**paramskeyword arguments: Specific parameters using e.g. set_params(parameter_name=new_value). In addition, to setting the parameters of the estimator, the individual estimator of the estimators can also be set, or can be removed by setting them to ‘drop’.

Returns:

selfobject: Estimator instance.

set_score_request(*, sample_weight: bool | None | str = '$UNCHANGED$') → VotingRegressor[source]#

Request metadata passed to the score method.

Note that this method is only relevant if enable_metadata_routing=True (see sklearn.set_config). Please see User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

The options for each parameter are:

True: metadata is requested, and passed to score if provided. The request is ignored if metadata is not provided.
False: metadata is not requested and the meta-estimator will not pass it to score.
None: metadata is not requested, and the meta-estimator will raise an error if the user provides it.
str: metadata should be passed to the meta-estimator with this given alias instead of the original name.

The default (sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED) retains the existing request. This allows you to change the request for some parameters and not others.

Added in version 1.3.

Note

This method is only relevant if this estimator is used as a sub-estimator of a meta-estimator, e.g. used inside a Pipeline. Otherwise it has no effect.

Parameters:

sample_weightstr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED: Metadata routing for sample_weight parameter in score.

Returns:

selfobject: The updated object.

transform(X)[source]#

Return predictions for X for each estimator.

Parameters:

X{array-like, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features): The input samples.

Returns:

predictionsndarray of shape (n_samples, n_classifiers): Values predicted by each regressor.

Gallery examples#

Plot individual and voting regression predictions